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A THEORY OF SMART CITIES
abstract
We entered the 21st century with a strong, global trend to increasing concentration of the
population in relatively few, large cities. Large, dense cities can be highly productive,
innovative, and per capita very green and hence desirable for our future. However the
rapid influx of new citizens presents overwhelming challenges to their governments.
Along with the positive benefits that accumulate from dense, diverse cities come in equal
measure the negative aspects such as informal development, traffic congestion, waste
management, and access to resources and crime. The demand for services is immediate,
but the tax revenues to fund them come later. At the same time, globalization has
connected cities on opposite sides of the planet in forms of competition previously
unknown – for capital, for resources, and for the Creative Class. These challenges lead to
experiments with new approaches to the planning, design, finance, construction,
governance, and operation of urban infrastructure and services that are broadly called
Smart Cities. Some of these approaches are related to emerging roles of information
technology.
A new professional community – the Urban Systems Collaborative – has formed to foster
mutual learning among members of the architecture, planning, engineering, transportation,
utilities, information technology, operations research, social sciences, geography and
environmental science, public finance and policy, and communications profession. One
of its hypotheses is a new theory of cities that makes use of new, rich sources of
information about what is going on in the city. Among other things, it seeks to
understand the impact that information technology can have on the urban fabric and
norms of behaviour....